By Savannah Paolillo | Donor Services
Refugees are men, women and children who have fled their home country due to war, persecution, or political upheaval. Some eventually return when it’s safe to do so; others stay in temporary refugee settlements or integrate into nearby countries offering asylum, while a tiny fraction—usuallyone percent orless—resettle in a third country, such as the United States.
Sweeping changes to refugee resettlement have dramatically departed from the long-running, bipartisan tradition of welcoming the most vulnerable refugees, which has been a key aspect of American humanitarian leadership. Since 2025, refugee resettlement has beensuspended, the lowestrefugee admissions cap everwas set andnew travel banshave been implemented. Support systems that help refugees rebuild their lives and contribute to their new communities across the U.S. have beeneliminated, while refugees who have already passedintensive vettingprocedures are being subjected to detention and the re-determination of their refugee status. These policies aren’t just separating families and leaving the world's most vulnerable people stranded; they’re also eroding trust, destabilizing American communities and workplaces, costing the U.S.billionsin economiccontributions, wasting taxpayer dollars and government resources and undermining essential services that all Americans rely on. The human cost is immeasurable, and the economic repercussions affect every community across the country.
A timeline of Trump administration policies that impact refugee resettlement
January 20, 2025: The U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) wassuspended. During the administration's first week in office, the entire refugee resettlement program came to a screeching halt. Thousands of refugees who had already been thoroughly vetted and approved, and were set to travel to the United States were suddenly left in limbo. Flights for more than 10,000 refugees were canceled overnight, families were separated across continents, and Afghan allies who had risked everything to support U.S. missions were stranded.
January 24, 2025:Stop work orders were received by resettlement agencies. Resettlement agencies were ordered to stop providing initial and longer-term integration services to refugees who had recently arrived in the U.S. This left over 22,000 refugees without access to critical services including help to locate safe housing, healthcare and education for their children, workforce development programs, and English classes, among other services. When the IRC received the stop-work order, we were actively assisting nearly 6,000 clients within their first 90 days of arrival—the most critical period for successful resettlement.
February 7, 2025:Executive order on South Africa wasissued. The order provides an exception to the refugee resettlement suspension, prioritizing the admission of Afrikaners in South Africa who the US government determines are “victims of unjust racial discrimination.” The first arrivals of resettled Afrikaners began three months later in May 2025.
February 26, 2025:Resettlement agency agreements wereterminated. The administration abruptly ended federal contracts (called “cooperative agreements”) with resettlement agencies nationwide, effectively dismantling the infrastructure that had helped refugees integrate into American communities for decades. Organizations that had spent years building relationships with local employers, schools, and healthcare providers were forced to shutter services and lay off hundreds of workers, many of them former refugees themselves.Although the administration eventually reinstated these cooperative agreements a few months later under revised terms, the interruption has inflicted lasting damage on the networks that underpin successful resettlement.
April 20, 2025: First 90-day report on restarting the resettlement program was due. The executive order that suspended the USRAP requires a report be provided to the President every 90 days on whether and how to restart the program. No report on the program has been published publicly.
June 4, 2025:A new travel ban wasissued. The ban blocks people from twelve countries from entering the U.S. and partially restricts people from an additional seven countries, all on the basis of their nationality. While it was not initially clear from its wording whether the ban also blocked refugees, the administration has interpreted it to bar refugees from these countries. Many of the banned countries are at risk of new orworsening humanitarian emergencies, including Afghanistan, Chad, Haiti, Myanmar, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen.
July 4, 2025: “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” wasadopted. The legislation immediately eliminated longstanding eligibility of resettled refugees and people granted asylum from receiving food assistance through SNAP and cut access to healthcare and other critical support services that had helped recently resettled refugees recover and become self-sufficient.
September 30, 2025:Presidential Determination on refugee admissions for fiscal year 2026 was due. Each year, in consultation with Congress, the President must determine the number of refugees who can be resettled. Before leaving office, President Biden set the refugee admissions level at 125,000 for fiscal year 2025.
October 30, 2025: The 2026 Presidential Determination on refugee admissions waspublished. It set thelowest everresettlement cap in the history of USRAP. The 7,500 resettlement slots made available are to be “primarily” allocated to Afrikaners from South Africa.
October 31, 2025: Food assistance for newly arrived refugees through SNAP officially ended under new governmentguidelinesfrom the “One Big Beautiful BillAct”.
November 21, 2025: A new immigration memopaused processingof green card applications by refugees. It also ordered DHS to potentially subject families admitted during the prior administration to redetermination of their refugee status.
December 16, 2025: The June 4 travel ban waswidened. It places total entry bans on citizens of 19 countries and people with Palestinian Authority-issued travel documents and partial restrictions on nationals of 20 countries.
January 9, 2026: Operations arelaunchedto re-review and potentially terminate the protection of previously vettedrefugeeswho arrived through USRAP and did not yet have permanent residence. Dozens of refugee families and individuals following required legal processes to apply for their green cards weredetainedand transferred away from their homes and communities.
What do the Trump administration’s policies mean for refugees?
These policies have created a humanitarian crisis both within the United States and abroad. Families who spent years navigating the rigorous refugee screening and security vetting process—which is already the mostextensive vetting systemfor any group entering the United States—now face the prospect of being detained and subjected to yet more interviews to decide whether the government will now cancel their refugee status.The general resettlement suspension impacts nearly all refugees, apart from Afrikaners, including unaccompanied refugee children, Afghans who supported the U.S. mission,religious minoritiesin Iran, survivors of torture, LGBTQI+ refugees, and other refugees with U.S. family members and private sponsors awaiting their arrival.
Settling in and contributing to the U.S. has been made even more difficult for refugees by recent legislation passed by Congress. The “One Big Beautiful BillAct” (H.R.1), a massive funding-related bill that was signed into law in July 2025, restricts access to federal benefits for refugees and other newcomers with lawful immigration status. Under this legislation, newly arrived refugees are no longer eligible at the federal level for Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Affordable Care Act subsidies, Medicare, and SNAP.
How the Trump administration’s latest policies have impacted the economy
Suspending refugee resettlement is economically disastrous. The data tells a clear story: from 2005 to 2019, refugees and asylees contributed $123.8 billion in net fiscal benefit to the United States. They generated $581 billion in revenue, which far exceeded the $457.2 billion in services they received.In 2023alone, refugees'contributions to the US economyincluded:
That spending directly supports American businesses and creates American jobs.
How refugees strengthen American communities
America faces critical workforce shortages across multiple sectors. Refugees fill essential roles in healthcare, childcare, agriculture and manufacturing which are industries that keep American communities functioning. In 2020, anestimated314,000 U.S. healthcare workers were refugees but they don't just fill critical positions; they also create new jobs, start businesses at higher rates than native-born Americans and breathe new life into struggling communities. In2023, an estimated 178,000 refugee entrepreneurs generated $6 billion in income. Beyond economics, refugees represent the best of American values. They are teachers, nurses, business owners, and community leaders who see America not just as a destination, but as home. Their contributions extend far beyond what can be measured in tax revenue or GDP—they strengthen the cultural and social fabric of American communities.
How the IRC is helping
The IRC continues to support thousands of impacted refugee clients across the United States. We ensure that people understand their rights and have access to available services, including workforce development, health, and education, to rebuild their lives and regain self-sufficiency; however, these programs are under strain and risk being shuttered entirely.
How can you help?
Ensuring due process is not just a legal obligation—it is a safeguard against discrimination and injustice. Policymakers and advocates must work together to uphold these protections and prevent policies that threaten the basic rights of non-citizens in the U.S.
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