Support the European LGBTI movement

At a time when LGBTI rights are under coordinated attack globally, ILGA-Europe continues to secure crucial victories through strategic litigation, international advocacy, and support for activists on the ground. From landmark court rulings to defending fundamental freedoms, our recent work demonstrates that progress is possible even in the most challenging contexts.

Securing justice for trans rights in Europe

After more than a decade of advocacy, a landmark victory has been secured for trans and non-binary people in the Czech Republic. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled that forcing trans people to undergo sterilisation to gain legal recognition violates their fundamental human rights.

"This is a great day for non-binary and trans people, one of the most marginalised groups," says T. H., the non-binary individual at the heart of the case. Since 2012, T.H. has repeatedly petitioned Czech authorities for legal gender recognition without being forced to undergo surgery—and was repeatedly denied.

The European Court's judgment is unequivocal: requiring sterilisation breaches the right to private life under the European Convention on Human Rights. This builds on earlier rulings by the European Social Charter Committee in 2018 and the Czech Constitutional Court in 2024.

Despite these victories, the Czech government has failed to establish a clear legal framework. According to research by the National Institute of Mental Health, 90% of trans people in the Czech Republic are dissatisfied with the current system. From July 2025, sterilisation is no longer legally required—but without proper legislation, the process will rely solely on ministerial guidelines that can easily be changed.

ILGA-Europe, alongside TGEU and Czech organisation Trans*Parent, filed a crucial third-party intervention in T.H.'s case. "This judgment yet again reminds the Czech Government of its obligation to put an end to this ongoing human rights violation," says Marie-Hélène Ludwig, ILGA-Europe's Senior Strategic Litigation Officer.

Additionally, a long-awaited opinion of the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union stated that under EU law provisions on freedom of movement and fundamental right to private and family life, member states have an obligation to legally recognise the lived gender of their nationals. While Advocate General’s opinions are not binding, their conclusions are taken into consideration by the CJEU judges and are often indicative of their ruling.  A positive judgment from the CJEU would be of the utmost importance for the protection of trans people still deprived of any possibility of having their gender identity recognised in some EU member states.

Protecting our fundamental freedoms

Just in the last weeks, Slovakia rewrote its Constitution. They’ve enshrined harmful provisions targeting trans people and families created by same-sex couples. But, hidden amongst the changes, is an amendment that states that Slovak law outrights EU law on issues like family and gender – using language so vague, that Slovakia could block almost any EU initiative, regardless if it concerns LGBTI people or not. If Brussels doesn’t push back, other populist leaders will be lining up to follow suit. Once again, our communities are used as a pretext. These provisions pave the way to broader bans: on Pride, on functioning of organisations, on the freedom of media, or on sharing any information related to LGBTI issues. Like in Kazkhstan, where just last month authorities have announced further steps toward drafting and adopting legislation to ban the dissemination of LGBTI-related content. We’re working with other organisations to raise awareness and mobilize opposition, and prevent the authorities from installing further limitations to the rights of LGBTI people.

Not long before that, Enes Hocaogullar, 23, a youth delegate to the Council of Europe, was arrested at Ankara airport upon returning to his country. Turkish authorities say he “spread misleading information” and “incited public hatred” after he spoke in Strasbourg about police violence and the arrest of elected mayors back home. His comments quickly became the target of a coordinated smear campaign, painting him and his organisation as agents of “moral corruption” and “foreign influence”. We mobilized responses from institutions and supported local organisations in the country. Enes is now released pending trial, but the oppression of activists in the country continues.

Developments like these make it even more important that regional institutions, including the European Union, use all tools at their disposal when states violate the fundamental rights of LGBTI people. The European Commission just launched its second LGBTIQ Equality Strategy for the year 2026–2030, which, unfortunately, fails to meet the urgency of the moment and falls short of what is needed to ensure that the EU genuinely protects and advances our rights. The Strategy should have included plans to tackle remaining legislative gaps on freedom of movement for all LGBTI people and their families and concrete plans on how to work towards fully protecting trans, intersex, and non-binary people in the EU law context. And we will continue to bring these issues to the attention of decision-makers.

Progress against the odds

While setbacks have dominated headlines, not all news is bad news – we’ve secured some meaningful wins for our communities and movements. After months of intense advocacy efforts from civil society, the European Commission decided to revive its draft Equal Treatment Directive – re-opening the path to stronger EU-wide anti-discrimination protections. We will continue to work with all stakeholders towards a unanimous agreement in the Council. Comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation at EU level is long overdue, and particularly important now as hatred and discrimination is on the rise throughout Europe. Good news also comes from the Council of Europe, where the Committee of Ministers unanimously adopted the Recommendation on Equal Rights for Intersex Persons, which establishes a new gold standard we’ve worked hard on securing. It covers a comprehensive range of topics for the advancement and protection of intersex rights, from the prohibition of non-consensual interventions and treatments and access to justice, to prohibiting discrimination. While not legally binding, is an invaluable tool to guide Member States to advance equality and the rights of intersex persons at national level, in that it provides comprehensive recommendations to States.

Powering Pride and democracy

Finally, we are proud to announce two new initiatives. We’ve launched a brand new programme – the Democracy Lab – which will bring together LGBTI organisations to working to protect democracy, for prominent participation of LGBTI organisations in the wider pro-democracy movement and discourse, and at building knowledge and skills in our movement to be strategic and impactful in this work. And, building from our work to protect freedom of assembly and Prides, later this year we will be co-hosting the first Pride Organisers’ Summit. At a time of rising authoritarianism and shrinking civic space, along with fragmentation and polarisation of communities, movements and societies, Prides are at once vulnerable and powerful. They are increasingly hit by attacks and bans. Yet, Prides remain one of the strongest expressions of people power and collective action, and have a unique potential to drive civic participation and wider social change. This Summit will bring Pride organisers from across the region together to step back, share knowledge, learn, and reflect strategically – seeing the patterns, the risks, and the possibilities of Pride organising.

These highlights from the last few months show how our world is shifting, and how much more difficult positive change is to achieve. But they also show success and progress are possible. And with that outlook, we will face forward. Thank you for your support, which allows us to continue, and put resources where they create most impact. All of this, and more, is possible thanks to the generous donations from our supporters. We hope our network of supporters can grow, so we can deliver more positive change for LGBTI people.

Links:

• Turkey's war on free expression and the courage of Enes H.
• The Democracy Lab
• European Commission's LGBTIQ Equality Strategy for 2026-2030

As Pride season gets into full swing, we’re reminded not only of our shared struggles but of the extraordinary power we hold as a movement and as a community of LGBTI people and allies. In every march, banner, and act of resistance, we see the strength of our communities.

This strength doesn't come from nowhere. It is built on care, resilience, and a collective commitment to justice. The support of our donors is an example of these, for which we at ILGA-Europe sincerely thank you.

It is also a testament to the fact that everyone has a role to play, and that each donation matters – it is thanks to the support of our donors we were able to publish our annual Rainbow Map this quarter.

ILGA-Europe’s Rainbow Map reveals a sobering picture of LGBTI rights in Europe, where hard-won legal protections are increasingly under threat. While progress continues in some countries, the most notable changes this year are alarming drops in ranking and scores for the United Kingdom, Hungary, and Georgia – countries where authoritarian tactics and anti-LGBTI laws are converging with broader attacks on democracy.

As Hungary bans Pride events, Georgia adopts sweeping anti-LGBTI legislation, and the UK Supreme Court redefines the legal understanding of sex and gender, ILGA-Europe’s findings underscore a disturbing regional trend: rights rollbacks are no longer isolated incidents, but rather part of a coordinated push to limit dissent and marginalise minority communities. The Rainbow Map 2025 paints a clear picture – legal protections remain the most reliable guarantee of fundamental rights, and without sustained political will, they can be undone.

Explore this year’s full country data and interactive map here.

Click here to learn more about our work to protect freedom of assembly in Hungary.

RAINBOW MAP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2025

Malta holds the top spot for the 10th consecutive year, followed by Belgium, Iceland, Denmark and Spain. At the bottom of the scale, Russia (49th) remains the lowest-ranked country, preceded by Azerbaijan, Turkey, Armenia, and Belarus.

Some countries made notable progress:

• Austria climbed four places after expanding the Federal Equal Treatment Act to include gender identity, expression, and sex characteristics – though these gains are now under threat from planned rollbacks.
• Latvia rose four places with a new civil union law for same-sex couples.
• Germany advanced three places thanks to its new Self-Determination Act, which simplifies legal gender recognition.
• Czechia introduced a new law extending rights to same-sex couples through registered partnerships, moving it three places up the ranking.
• Poland also gained three places by abolishing its remaining so-called ‘LGBT-free zones’ and ending state-level barriers to LGBTI public events.

At the other end of the spectrum:

• Hungary dropped seven places to 37th following the criminalisation of Pride events, the erasure of gender identity protections, and constitutional changes reinforcing strict binary gender norms.
• Georgia also fell seven places (to 44th), adopting a sweeping package of anti-LGBTI laws that include bans on legal gender recognition, trans-specific healthcare, and public expressions of LGBTI identities.
• The United Kingdom, once a global leader on LGBTI rights, dropped six places to 22nd – its lowest ever position – after a Supreme Court ruling narrowed the legal definition of sex to “biological sex,” undermining the legal gender recognition framework.

Despite growing far-right influence, some countries strengthened protections against hate crimes:

• Belgium, Ireland, Sweden, Scotland (UK), the Netherlands, and the Brcko District (Bosnia and Herzegovina) all improved their legislative frameworks.
• However, no country adopted new bans on conversion practices or passed legislation to protect the bodily integrity of intersex children this year.

Courtrooms continue to be key battlegrounds for rights:

• The Court of Justice of the EU ruled against Hungary for denying legal gender recognition to trans refugees.
• France’s gender-based train ticketing system was ruled discriminatory.
• Lithuania, Czechia, Spain, and Slovenia all saw constitutional court rulings affirming rights for LGBTI people, while strategic litigation continues in countries like Croatia and Italy.

As ILGA-Europe’s Executive Director Chaber said:

“The Rainbow Map 2025 offers a stark snapshot of where Europe stands on LGBTI human rights, and highlights the pressing need to defend and advance these rights in the context of acute democratic erosion. The time to push back is now, before the targeted attacks we’re seeing in countries like Hungary, the UK and Georgia become the norm rather than the exception.”

ILGA-Europe works with institutions and governments to improve laws and protections, and provides vital support to the LGBTI movement in Europe and Central Asia, so that change can happen effectively at every level.

The impact of supporters and allies is felt now more than ever. Please consider making a donation today to help continue the vital work to counter growing attacks, not only on LGBTI communities but on the cornerstones of freedom and democracy. 

• 2025 Rainbow Map (PDF)
  
• 2025 Rainbow Index (PDF)