Empowerment of 400,000 Adolescent Girls in India

Vandana (name changed), a 19-year-old married adolescent girl, resides in Shinde slum with her family consisting of five members. She has completed 10 years of schooling and is currently a homemaker. Her husband who has an education only up to 3 years of schooling, works as a construction labourer.

Shortly after getting married, Vandana became pregnant within two months. She has a son who is merely 8 months old.

Vandana belongs to a migrant, traditional community that has deeply rooted cultural norms that prescribe repeated child births soon after marriage.

The community based health volunteer trained by Institute of Health Management Pachod (IHMP) visits Vandana and her family every month. During her interactions with Vandana’s parents-in law, the community health volunteer realised that they were keen for her to have a second child as soon as possible. The community health worker informed IHMP’s nurse who provides health services in this slum.

Vandana and her husband received need based behaviour change communication and counselling from the community health volunteer and IHMP’s nurse. They advised the couple against having a second child so soon after her first pregnancy.

The community health volunteer and IHMP’s nurse educated Vandana and her husband, about the potential complications for both the mother and new born if they decide to have another child so soon. The couple were advised to maintain an interval of at least 3 years between two child births. They told the couple repeatedly about the risks for the mother and neonate associated with not maintaining adequate spacing between two pregnancies.

The community health volunteer and IHMP’s nurse counselled Vandana and her husband about various family planning contraceptives that they can use.

Following the counselling sessions, Vandana's husband took the initiative to start using condoms despite his parents' desire for a second child as soon as possible. He respectfully explained to them the potential consequences of an early pregnancy.

Due to her husband's understanding nature, the couple have decided to maintain a spacing of at least 2.5 years before planning for their second pregnancy.

Vandana regularly visits the slum level clinics for having her son examined and immunised on time and for taking her iron and calcium supplements as advised by IHMP’s nurse. Her husband accompanies her to collect the monthly supply of condoms.

Because of their trust in the community health worker and IHMP’s nurse they were able to convince Vandana’s parents in law who are very conservative and traditional.

Vandana and her husband, are one of thousands of young married couples that are using contraceptives to delay first birth or maintain appropriate spacing between two births. This is the consequence of need specific communication and counselling provided during regular, monthly house visits by community based health volunteers, trained by IHMP.

This change would not have been possible by providing services through a fixed health facility where people come only when they perceive the need for a service.

By reaching out to the community through monthly home visits health workers are able to not only reach young women, but also sensitise their husbands and address social norms by counselling parents in law who resist change due to their traditional perceptions and values.

This is the foundational basis of primary health care being provided by IHMP over the last 50 years.

Adolescent Girls Empowered To Break The Glass Ceiling

Kajal, recalls how she could break the glass ceiling after attending the Life Skills Education (LSE) in her village that was conducted by the Institute of Health Management Pachod (IHMP).

Kajal, lives in a small rural hamlet, which has less than a hundred households. Her parents are marginal farmers. Her village school is only till the 4^th class, so most girls end up with only 4 years of schooling.

Kajal, attended the life skills education, of 6 months duration, when she was 15 years old. She also underwent leadership training conducted by IHMP. Kajal says that her self-confidence increased by leaps and bound after the LSE. During LSE she also learnt the importance of education, especially for girls and decided that she would complete schooling and go for college education.

As part of her life skills education, Kajal visited a college, bank and police station in a nearby town. Kajal’s imagination got fired. During that visit she decided that one day she would enter the police force. Her aspirations were soaring.

Kajal, was determined to complete 12 years of schooling. IHMP gave her a bicycle to travel to a neighbouring village, which had a school till the 12^th class. Kajal used to go the school with a group of girls who had all completed IHMP’s life skills education.

After completing 12 years of schooling, Kajal went to a nearby city to complete her graduation. While in college she also joined the police training academy that prepares young adults for the police force.

After her training at the police academy, Kajal went to Bombay where she was selected as a Forest Officer. She got posted in a reserve forest area in March 2024. Her community is so proud of her that they felicitated her with a grand function organised by her village council. Kajal says that she was able to convince her parents to send her from her small village all the way to Bombay because of the self-confidence she developed during life skills education. She says that all the girls that attended life skills education with her have done exceedingly well in various spheres.

Kajal, feels that Life Skills Education has improved the aspiration of girls in her village and they want to continue their education. Her friends got motivated to study beyond 12^th standard because of Life Skills Education and the leadership training that they underwent. They have completed their graduation. We have all told our parents that we will get married only after we become self-reliant. She said that if investment is made in the education of girls, it will go long way in helping them to progress and do well in life.

Institute of Health Management Pachod conducts life skills education for a batch of 1500 girls every six months and has been conducting LSE, of 6 months duration, over the last 25 years. IHMP has also scaled up this intervention through several NGOs in India. Thousands of girls like Kajal have been empowered to realise their dreams and aspirations.